About the Surah

In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

       O mankind! Fear Allah who created you from a single person [Adam ( )], and from him [Adam ( )] Allah created his wife (Hawwa), and then from both of them, He created many men and women spread (all over the world). And (you are reminded again) fear Allah through Whom you make claims (of your mutual rights). And do not cut-off the relations with your blood relatives. Indeed, Allah is All-Watcher over you.

       And give the orphans their property and don’t exchange (your) bad items with (their) good items. And don’t eat up their wealth (by mixing) with your wealth. Indeed, this is a great sin.

       And if you fear that you shall not be able to do justice (regarding bridal-money) to the orphan-girls (then don’t marry them) rather you should marry from other women which pleases you, two or three or (up to) four, but if you fear that you will not be able to treat them equally, then be contented with having one wife only. (And if you cannot fulfil rights of even one wife) then marry a slave lady which you have (according to the Islamic law). In this way, there is less chance of your totally leaning towards one woman (while ignoring the rights of others unjustly).(Also Surah An-Nisa :129).

       And give the bridal-money to your wives willingly and cheerfully. And if they forgive you the payment of some of the bridal-money voluntarily, then use it with pleasure and good cheer.

       And don’t hand over wealth to the immature orphans. Allah has made this wealth as means of support and survival for you. And do feed and clothe the orphans from it and speak to them kindly and reasonably.

       And test (the intelligence of) orphans until they reach the age of marriage. So if you find maturity and sound planning in them, do hand over their wealth to them. And don’t consume their wealth extravagantly and hastily, fearing that they will grow up (and then you have to hand it over to them). And a rich guardian should avoid taking anything from the wealth of the orphans, and the poor guardian may use the part of the wealth of the orphans reasonably (as wages). So when you hand over their wealth to them, have witnesses for it. And Allah is All-Sufficient for taking account.

       There is a legally fixed share for men as well as for women in the wealth left by parents and near relatives, whether the wealth is small or large.

       And if (even the distant) relatives, orphans and the needy are present at the time of distribution, do give them (from that) and talk to them kindly and justly.

       And (the guardians and execu-tors) must have same fear in their minds as they would have if they happened to leave weak children behind them. Hence, (these guard-ians and executors should) fear Allah and speak reasonably and kindly.

       Verily, those who misap-pro-priate (i.e. put to wrong use) the wealth of orphans, they are put-ting only fire in their bellies and they shall soon go to Hell.

       Allah commands you regarding your children’s (inheritance): one male’s portion is equal to the portion of two females; if there are daughters only, two or more in number, all daughters get two-third of the total inheritance. If there is only one daughter, she gets one half of the total inheritance. (the remaining goes to other near relatives). (There are three possibilities regarding parents). Firstly, each parent gets sixth share if the deceased left children, (male or female, one or more; and the remaining inheritance goes to children and relatives). Secondly, if the dead person have no children and his parents are only heirs, (‘only’ means the dead person has no brother or sister), in this case the mother will get one third and two third goes to the father. Thirdly, if the deceased leaves more than one brother and/or sisters of either kind [(i) having same father and same mother called Aini () (ii) having same father, different mothers called Allati () and have no children, and, of course, father and mother are there], in this case the mother will get one sixth of the total inheritance (and the rest goes to the father). In all these cases distribution will be made after payment of the will and debt of the deceased. You don’t know whether your parents or your children will benefit you more. These shares are fixed by Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

       If your wives die and they have no children, the husband gets half of the inheritance of your wives. If your wives die and they have children (from you or from former husband), the husband will get one fourth. In both cases distribution would be made after payment of the will and debt of the deceased. If the husband dies and has no children, his all wives will get one fourth of the total inheritance. (This one fourth to be distributed among all the wives). If husband dies and has children, then only one eight will be for all the wives. In both cases inheritance is to be distributed after payment of the will and debt of the deceased. (Now the laws of inheritance are described for a deceased who leaves no children and no parents, it is called kalala which means weak relatives). If the deceased (male or female, did not leave father and grandfather and also did not leave children or grand children from his son), and has a brother or a sister among his survivors [with same mother called akhyaafi ()], then brother will get one sixth and the sister will get one sixth. If these brothers and sisters are two or more in number, then one third will go to all of them (i.e. one third to be distributed among all of them and male and female will get equal shares and remaining inheritance goes to other survivors). In both cases distribution of inheritance will be made after payment of the will and debt of the deceased so that no loss is caused to anyone. This is the Command from Allah and Allah is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.

       These are the limits set by Allah, and whosoever obeys Allah and His messenger [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)], will reside in Gardens beneath which rivers flow and they will reside there forever, and that will be the great success.

       And whosoever disobeys Allah and His messenger and transgresses His limits, He (Allah) will throw him into the Fire, to reside there forever, and he will get a disgraceful torment.

       If any of your women commit adultery, look for four witnesses (Muslims, free, sensible, adult), against them. If they testify, then confine such women in their homes until death comes to them or Allah ordains some other way out for them. (The command contained in this Verse has been replaced by second Verse of Surah An-Nur).

       If any two persons (man and woman) commit adultery (several meanings are given for it, see tafseer Tabari), torture them both. And if they repent and do good deeds, then don’t bother them anymore. Indeed, Allah is Very-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       Allah accepts the repentance of those who do evil deeds in ignorance and then sincerely repent soon. So Allah will forgive such people and Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.

       Allah does not accept the repentance of those persons who continue to do evil deeds until one of them faces death and says: “Now I repent,” nor of those who die as disbelievers. We have prepared for them a painful torment.

       O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will (as you did during the time of ignorance). And don’t harass them to recover (part of) what you (or your relatives) have given them, except if they are openly disobedient to husband (or commit adultery). And the husband should treat them honourably. Although you may hate something, but it is possible that, Allah has made some (hidden) big benefit for you in what you hate. (i.e. you may get child from her who grows up as  a pious person, hence these children will be an asset for you in the Hereafter).

       And if you intend to replace a wife by another wife, and you have given her a very large amount as bridal-money (or as gift etc.), you are not allowed to take anything back from her (note that the request for the forgiveness of the unpaid bridal-money is also like taking it back). Do you intend to recover this money by blaming her (for disobedience or adultery) and with an obvious sin (on your part)?

       And how would you take it back when both of you had sexual relations and they (i.e. women) had taken a firm commitment (or promise) from you (at the time of marriage)?

       And don’t marry women whom your fathers married (as you used to do during the time of ignorance), disregard what has passed (but don’t indulge in it in future). Indeed, this is shameful and hateful and is (religiously speaking) an evil way.

       You are forbidden to marry (the following four groups.) Firstly, your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father’s sisters, your mother’s sisters, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters. Secondly, your foster mothers who gave you suck and your foster suckling sisters (who are your sisters due to suckling milk of their real mother or their foster mother or if she has sucked the milk of your real mother or your foster mother, even if it took place at different times). Thirdly, the mothers of your wives, and daughters of your wives whom you bring up in your household born of your wives with whom (i.e. your wives) you had sexual relations. (Then those daughters are unlawful for you). If, however, you had marriage contract with your wife but did not have sexual relation with her yet, there is no harm in marrying the daughter of such wife. And wives of your sons are also unlawful for you for marriage (this does not include the wives of Islamically adopted sons). It is also unlawful for you to marry two sisters (real or foster) at the same time, except what took place in the past. Indeed, Allah is Very Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       Fourthly, the married women are also unlawful for you except those slave girls whom you own according to Islamic law (after one monthly course or after delivery of child if they are pregnant). Allah has made these laws obligatory for you. Apart from these women, all other women are lawful for you for marriage. So you may seek them (in marriage) by paying bridal money, desiring chastity and not for debauchery (i.e. for great indulgence in sexual pleasure). Hence, those of you who have enjoyed them as your wives, you must pay the prescribed bridal-money to them. Even after prescribing the bridal-money, if you mutually agree (to change it) there is no sin on you (i.e. may be husband increases the bridal money, or wife forgives part or whole of the bridal-money, both cases are acceptable). Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing (knows all your benefits), All-Wise (makes regulations wisely to ensure these benefits for you).

       And whosoever among you does not have means to marry a free believing woman, he should marry believing slave woman under your control (by the Islamic law). Allah has full knowledge of your Faith. You are from one another [since you are all children of Adam () and Eve, then why should you hesitate to marry a believing slave woman?]. Therefore marry them with the permission of their masters and pay them reasonable amount of bridal-money (this money to be paid for Islamic marriage). The slave women should be chaste and not those who indulge in obscene activities or have secret sexual relations (with boyfriends). So if they happen to commit adultery after their marriage, their punishment is half than that of a free (unmarried) woman. Marrying slave women is recommended for those believers who fear to indulge in adultery due to sexual pressure (or not able to marry a free believing woman). And if you practice self restrain it is better (than marrying a slave woman). And Allah is Very-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       (All these regulations are for your benefit). Allah wishes to make (lawful and unlawful) clear to you, and show you the (good) ways of those before you, and He wishes to accept your repentance. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

       And Allah wishes to accept your repentance while those who follow their lusts, they wish that the believers should turn away (from the Right Path) a great deal.

       Allah wishes to lighten your burden since human being is created weak.

       (So far rights of relatives were mentioned. Now rights of mankind, Muslim or non-Muslim are being described). O you who believe! Don’t use other’s wealth illegally except through trading by mutual consent. And don’t kill yourselves. Surely, Allah is Most Merciful to you.

       And whoever does this through aggression and injustice, We will, soon, throw him in the Fire, and that is very easy for Allah.

       If you avoid the major sins, We will remove your minor sins (automatically) and admit you to a respectable entrance (i.e. Paradise). (Here, along with warning, attrac-tion is given. This is a unique approach of the Quran).

       And don’t even desire for things in which Allah has excelled some of you over others. For men there is reward (in the Hereafter) according to what they did, and (likewise) for the women there is reward (in the Hereafter) according to what they did. (There is no superiority of one over the other regarding the reward). And pray to Allah for His Bounty. Allah is All-Knower of everything.

       And Allah has appointed heirs of the wealth left by parents and relatives. And you should give the share of those with whom you made a pledge (by will). Indeed, Allah is a Witness over all things.

       Men are the supervisors of women, because Allah has excelled some of you over others and be-cause men spend their wealth to support women. Hence, the right-eous women are those who are fully obedient (to Allah and to their husbands), and guard, in their hus-band’s absence, what Allah orders them to guard (their chastity, their husband’s property and children). And if you fear rebellion from your wives, then counsel them verbally. (If they still misbehave) leave them alone in their beds, (and if the mis-behaviour continues) then you may beat them (lightly). If they start obeying you, don’t look for ex-cuses to annoy them. Indeed, Allah is Most High, Most Great.

       And if you fear split (or separation) between the spouses, then appoint an arbitrator from each family. If both arbitrators (and both spouses) sincerely wish for peace, Allah will bring about their reconciliation. Indeed, Allah is All-Knower, Well-Acquainted with all things.

       Worship Allah and join none with Him (in worship), and be kind to the parents, and to relatives, and orphans, and needy, and to the neighbour who is your relative and to the neighbour who is not your relative, and the fellow-travellers, and those whom you meet during the journey and the slaves whom you possess (according to the Islamic law). Indeed, Allah does not like an arrogant and boastful person.

       Those who are misers and instruct others to be misers as well and hide the Bounty which Allah has bestowed upon them. And We have prepared for the disbelievers a disgraceful torment.

       And (also) those who spend their wealth to show off among the people and they don’t believe in Allah and the Last Day (Allah also does not like such persons).Whosoever makes Satan his inti-mate friend, then what a bad friend he has taken!

       And what would be the loss if they had believed in Allah and the Last Day and spend (part of it only) from what Allah has given them? And Allah is All-Knower of them.

       Indeed, Allah does not wrong a person even a tiny bit. He rather doubles (and even multiplies many times depending on the sincerity of the person) the reward for every good deed, and on top of it, gives great reward from Him (as a gift).

       How (will it be) when We bring a witness from each nation and We bring you [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] as a witness against them?

       On that day the disbelievers and those who disobeyed the messenger [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] will wish that they were levelled up with the earth, but they will not be able to hide anything from Allah.

       O you who believe! Don’t go close to offering your Salat when you are in a drunken state until you understand the meanings of your statements, nor when you need a bath (when bath is necessary as in the sexual discharge) except when you have to pass (through the Masjid), until you have taken a full bath. And if you are ill, or on a journey, or you have used toilet to relieve yourself, or you had sexual relations with your wives, and don’t find water, then rub clean dust slightly on your faces and hands. Indeed, Allah is Very Pardoning, Very-Forgiving.

       Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Book (the Jews), they purchase ignorance and they wish to lead you astray from the Right Path as well?

       And Allah has full knowledge of your enemies and Allah is Sufficient as a Protector, and Allah is Sufficient as a Helper.

       Some of the Jews change words from their context and say: “We hear your words [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] and disobey, (they say this quietly in their hearts, or while with their friends). Similarly they say: “Hear and let you [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] hear nothing. (). Further-more, they utter raena () by twisting their tongues and by making fun of Islam (then ‘raena’ means O our shepherd or O you stupid person while actual meaning of raena is ‘please pay attention to us and we listen to you’). And if only they had said: “We hear and obey”, and “Please listen to us and kindly pay attention to us,” it would have been better for them and, of course, more appropriate, but Allah has cursed them due to their disbelief, and they will not believe except a few in number (e.g. Abdullah bin Salam).

       O you who have been given the Scripture! Believe in what We have revealed to [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] which confirms what is (already) with you, before We mess-up your faces and turn them towards your backs or curse them as We cursed the Sabbath-breakers. And the Commandment of Allah is always fulfilled.

       Indeed, Allah does not forgive those who ascribe partners with Him and forgives others whom He wills, and whoever ascribe partners with Allah, he has, indeed, invented a major sin.

       Have you not seen those who profess their piety. In fact, it is Allah who bestows piety on whom He wills and nobody will be wronged even equal to the tiny thread inside a date (seen near the cut of its seed).

       Look, how they invent a lie against Allah. (i.e. regarding their self pronounced claim for piety). This is enough as an obvious sin on their part.

       Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture? (In spite of this) they believe in idols and false gods. And they (People of the Scriptures) say regarding the disbelievers (i.e. idolaters) that the idolaters are more guided towards the (right) path than the believers.

       Those are the ones whom Allah has cursed. And whoever is cursed by Allah, he will not find any helper.

       Or do they have any share in the kingdom? Then, in that case, they would not give mankind even equal to the tiny grove on the seed of a date.

       Or are they jealous of the mankind [including Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] because of what Allah has bestowed upon them from His Bounty? (It is nothing new). We have already given the followers (and family) of Ibrahim () the Book and wisdom and bestowed upon them a great kingdom.

       Some of them believed in him [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] and others turned away from him. [If they don’t believe in you, O Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)! Don’t be sad]. The Hell-Fire is enough for burning (them).

       Indeed, those who disbelieved in Our revelations, We shall soon throw them in Fire. Every time their skins are roasted in the Hell-Fire, We shall replace them with new skins so that they may taste the torment (again and again) (here Allah informed us that the receptors of pain are in the skin and not in the brain. We discovered it recently). Indeed, Allah is Most Powerful, All-Wise.

       And those who believe and do good deeds, We shall admit them to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, residing there forever. They have pure wives there, and We shall admit them into a dark (comforting) shade.

       And Allah commands you that you should return back the trusts of people to their owners, and when you judge between people, you should judge with (full) justice. Indeed, that is excellent about which Allah is advising you. Indeed, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.

       O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the messenger [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] and those of you who are in authority. If you have a dispute concerning any matter, refer it to Allah and His messenger, if you (truly) believe in Allah and the Last Day. This is better and much more suitable for the end result.

       Have you not seen those who claim (verbally) that they believe in that which has been revealed to you and that which was revealed before you? But they take their disputes to false gods although they were commanded to reject  Satan. And, surely, Satan wishes to lead them far astray.

       And when it is said to them: “Come to what Allah has revealed to the messenger [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)], you will see the hypocrites turn away from you, holding themselves back from you [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)].

       How then, when they face an adversity due to their (evil) deeds, they come to you swearing by Allah: “We meant nothing else except goodness, and conciliation (bet-ween the two parties).”

       Allah knows what is in the hearts of these people (i.e. disbelief and disobedience). Hence, ignore their disobedience and advise them and give them an effective talk to reach their inner selves.

       And We have not sent any messenger, but to be obeyed by Allah’s Permission. And after they had wronged themselves, if they (hypocrites) had come to you [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] and asked for-giveness of Allah and also messen-ger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Very-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       By your Creator, they cannot have (true) Faith, until they make you [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] judge in all their disputes between them, and they do not find any resistance or reservation about your decisions in their hearts and submit to them with entire submission.

       And if We had commanded them (saying): “Kill yourselves (i.e. innocent persons kill the guilty ones) or migrate from your homeland,” very few would have obeyed it. And if (these hypocrites) had done what they are told [to obey the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) wholeheartedly] it would have been better for them, and it would have strengthened (their Faith) a lot.

       And in that case We would have rewarded them immensely from Ourselves.

       And We would have definitely guided them to a Straight Path.

       And whoever obeys Allah and the messenger [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)], then they would be in the company of those on whom Allah has bestowed His favours, of the Prophets, and the truthful people [who promptly embraced Islam, like Abu Bakr ], the martyrs, and the righteous. And how fan-tastic these companions are!

       This is the Bounty of Allah for them. And Allah is Sufficient as All-Knower.

       O you who believe! Take precautionary measures for security (against the disbelievers, and if you have to fight) go forth in small groups or as a large group (as the occasion demands).

       And, indeed, there are some among you who would hold themselves back (from the fighting). And if you face an adversity, he says: “Indeed, Allah has favoured me by not being present among them.” 

       And if Allah grants you His Bounty (victory or booty), while hypocrites behave as if there was no friendship between you and them, then (out of their greed) they say: “Oh, I wish I was with them, then I could have achieved a great success (by receiving some booty).”

       Hence, those, who have sold this worldly life for the Hereafter, should fight in the Path of Allah. And whoever fights in the Path of Allah and is killed or achieves a victory, We shall bestow upon him a fantastic award.

       Hence, those, who have sold this worldly life for the Hereafter, should fight in the Path of Allah. And whoever fights in the Path of Allah and is killed or achieves a victory, We shall bestow upon him a fantastic award.

       The believers fight in the Path of Allah, and those who disbelieve, fight in the cause of Satan. So you should fight against the friends of Satan. Indeed, the strategy of Satan is always weak (in nature). 

       Have you not seen those who were told to hold back their hands (from fighting and obey what you have been commanded so far), and establish Salat and give the poor-due? But when the fighting was prescribed for them, one group of them fears people as they fear Allah or even more. They say: “Our Creator, why have you prescribed fighting for us? Why was it not postponed for a while?” Say: “The benefits of this life are short lived and the benefits of the Hereafter are far superior for those who fear Allah and you shall not be dealt with unjustly at all (or equal to the tiny thread in the slit of the seed of a date).

       “Wherever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in strong fortresses.” And if some good comes to them, they say: “This is from Allah.” And if an adversity comes to them, they say: “This is from you [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!].” Say to them: “All things are from Allah.” So what is the matter with them that they fail to understand any word?

       Whatever of good reaches you is from Allah. And whatever distress befalls you is from yourself. And [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] We have sent you as a messenger for the whole mankind, and Allah is Sufficient as a Witness (also Surah Ash-Shura: 30).

       He who obeys the messenger [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] has, indeed, obeyed Allah, but he who disobeys, then We have not sent you [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] as a watcher over them.

       They say: “We are obedient,” but when they leave you, a group of them, do consultation during the night against what you said. Allah records their consultations at night. Hence, you turn away from them and put your trust in Allah. And Allah is Sufficient to conduct all affairs.

       Why don’t they ponder over the Quran? If it was from other than Allah, they would surely have found many contradictions in it.

       And whenever they come across a matter regarding (public) safety or fear, they propagate it (to the public) right away. And if they had referred it to the messenger (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) or to those who are given authority among them so that they may understand the matter in true colours since they have the ability to investigate it among them. Had it not been the Grace and Mercy of Allah upon you, with the exception of a few of you, you would have followed Satan. 

       [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] Hence, fight in the Path of Allah. You are not held responsible except for yourself, and motivate the believers (to participate also). May be Allah (it is more like promise of Allah) will restrain the war activities of the disbelievers (and defeat them, although they appear to be very powerful). And Allah is Stronger in Might and Stronger in inflicting punishment.

       Whosoever intercedes for a noble cause (the cause and method of interceding should be Islamically acceptable), will receive reward for it, and whosoever intercedes for a sinful cause, will share its respon-sibility. And Allah is All-Able to do everything. 

       And when you are greeted with (an Islamic) greeting, greet in return with what is better than it, or (at least) with similar wording. Indeed, Allah is going to take account of all things.

       None has the right to be wor-shipped except Allah. Allah will definitely gather you together on the Day of Judgement and there is no doubt that it will occur. And who is more truthful in statement than Allah?

       (Here three groups are des-cribed. Regarding the first group Allah says) then what is the matter with you that you (believers) are split up into two sub-groups regard-ing hypocrites (who deserted the Muslim army on their way to battle of Uhud)? And Allah has turned them back (to disbelief) due to their (evil) deeds. Do you want to guide him whom Allah has led astray? And he whom Allah leads astray, you will never find for him any way (of guidance).

       They wish that you become disbelievers like them and then all will become equal. (Because of this mentality on their part) Don’t make them friends till they emigrate in the Path of Allah [to Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!]. And if they turn back (from Islam), get hold of them and kill them wherever you find them and neither make them your friends, nor helpers.

       (Regarding the second group Allah says) Except those (dis-believers) who belong to a tribe having a (peace) treaty with you, or those who approach you stating that they are fed up fighting against you as well as supporting their own tribe. Had Allah willed, He would have given them power over you and they would have fought against you. (But Allah saved you from this anxiety). Hence, if they withdraw from you and don’t fight you and try to stay at peace with you, then (in this peaceful situation) Allah has not permitted you (to kill them or imprison them).

       (Regarding the third group) You will find some disbelievers who (cheatingly claim that) they wish to stay at peace with you and also wish to stay at peace with their own tribe. However, whenever they are asked to fight against believers, they promptly join your enemies. Hence, if they do not withdraw from you, nor make a peace treaty with you, nor restrain their hands from you, then get hold of them and kill them wherever you find them. We have given you a clear permission against them.

       It is not for a believer to kill another believer except by mistake and whosoever kills a believer by mistake (it is prescribed that) he must set free a believing slave and must pay blood-money to the deceased’s family unless they forgive him the blood-money. If the deceased belonged to a tribe at war with you and he was a believer (it is prescribed) to free a believing slave only. And if he belonged to a tribe with whom you have a treaty of mutual alliance, blood money must be paid fully and a believing slave must also be freed. And whosoever cannot find a slave or does not have means to buy a slave, he should fast for two continuous months in order to seek repentance from Allah and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

       And whoever kills a believer intentionally; his reward is Hell to reside therein forever. Moreover, Allah’s Wrath and Allah’s Curse are upon him and a great torment is prepared for him.

       O you who believe! When you march forth (to fight) for the Cause of Allah, investigate (the truth). And don’t consider him who greets you Assalamu Alaikum as a disbeliever. You are seeking the temporary perishable goods of this worldly life while there are many more benefits with Allah. And (try to recall that) you were like this before (i.e. you made only verbal acceptance of Islam). Then Allah conferred His Favours on you (Allah accepted your verbal expression without investigating your inner condition). Hence, you should always investigate the truth. Indeed, Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.

       The believers who strive hard in the Path of Allah with their wealth and lives are not equal to those believers who stay behind in their homes without any (reasonable) excuse (i.e. blind or lame etc). Allah has bestowed higher levels (of Paradise) for those believers who strive in the Path of Allah with their wealth and lives as compared with those believers who sit at home. Allah has, however, promised good for all the believers. Allah has honoured those who strive hard (in His Path) with a bigger reward as compared to those who stay back at home.

       (This reward will be in the form of) Higher levels (in Paradise) and Forgiveness and Mercy of Allah on them and Allah is Very-Forgiving and Most Merciful.

       Indeed, as for those who have wronged themselves (by not emigrating from Makkah to Madinah), the angels ask them at the time of their death: “What condition were you in?” They reply: “We were weak and oppressed on the earth (i.e. around Makkah).” Angels say: “Was not the earth of Allah (i.e. Madinah) very spacious for you to emigrate therein?” The abode of such people is Hell – What an evil destination!

       Except those who are weak among men, women and children who don’t have the ability to plan nor to direct their way (out of this oppression).

       Hopefully Allah will forgive them and Allah loves to Pardon, the Very-Forgiving.

       And he who emigrates (from his home) in the Path of Allah, will find plenty of room to live and plenty of provisions. And whoever departs from his home as an emigrant to Allah and His messenger and dies on the way, his reward is secure with Allah. And Allah is Very-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       And when you (believers) travel in the land, there is no sin on you for shortening Salat, if you fear that the disbelievers may bother you (or even attack you). Indeed, the disbelievers are your obvious enemies.

       When you [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] are among them, and lead them in Salat, let one group of the believers stand up in Salat with you bearing their arms with them, when they have done their sajood (prostration), let them take their positions in the rear and let the second group come up which have not yet prayed, and let them pray with you taking all the precautions and bearing their arms. The disbelievers wish, if you were negligent of your arms and your baggage, to inflict upon you a single and sudden attack. And there is no sin on you if you put away your arms due to (some difficulty in carrying arms during the) rain or because you are ill. Make sure you take every precaution for yourself. Indeed, Allah has prepared a disgraceful torment for the disbelievers.

       So when you have finished (congregational) Salat (offered during fear of enemy), then (as usual) remember Allah standing, sitting down and (lying down) on your sides (the Salat is shortened due to travelling or danger but remembrance of Allah should be done as usual). When you feel safe from danger, then perform Salat in a regular way. Verily Salat is obligatory for believers at fixed times.

       And don’t loose heart in the pursuit of the enemy. If you are undergoing suffering (hardships) then, surely, they are also suffering as you are suffering. (However, there is one difference). You have a hope from Allah (for Paradise) while they have no hope at all. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

       [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] Surely, We have sent down this Book to you in truth so that you might judge between people according to what Allah has taught you. And don’t be a pleader for the treacherous people.

       And seek the forgiveness of Allah; certainly Allah is Very-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       And don’t dispute on behalf of those who deceive themselves. Indeed, Allah does not like anyone who is treacherous, sinner.

       They may hide (their evil activities) from the people, but they cannot hide them from Allah, since He is with them (by His knowledge) when they make secret consultations at night regarding things which Allah does not approve. And Allah encompasses what they do.

       (Listen!) You are those people who have supported them in this worldly life, but who will support them on the Day of Resurrection against Allah or who will be their pleader?

       And whoever does evil or wrongs himself (by committing a sin which does not affect other people) but afterwards seek Allah’s forgiveness (which includes ful-filling the rights of people), he will find Allah Very-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       And whoever commits a sin, he only wrongs himself. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise (Fixes suitable punishments for various sins).

       And whoever commits a minor sin or a major sin, and then puts blame on some innocent person, he has burdened himself with a big blame and has committed an obvious sin.

       [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] Had not the Grace of Allah and His Mercy been upon you, (which is of course always there), a group of their (clever) people had made up their mind to mislead you, but they mislead none except their own selves and they cannot harm you in a slightest way. And Allah has sent down to you the Book and Wisdom (i.e. Prophet’s sunnah) and taught you that which you did not know. And Tremendous is the Grace of Allah for you. (Also Surah Ash-Shura:52)

       There is no good in most of their secret consultations except in him who encourages people for charity, or good-deeds, or peace-making among them. Whoever does this, seeking the good Pleasure of Allah, We shall soon give him a fantastic reward.

       And whoever opposes the messenger [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] after the Right Path has been shown clearly to him, and follows other than the believer’s way, We shall let him do what he is pursuing in this world, and then We shall throw him in Hell (in the Hereafter) – what an evil destination!

       Indeed, Allah does not forgive (the sin of) making partners (in worship) with Him, but He forgives the other sins of whom He wills, and whoever makes partners (in worship) with Allah, has, indeed, went far astray.

       They worship goddesses in-stead of Allah, and they worship nothing but Satan, the rebellious (of Allah’s guidance).

       Allah cursed him (i.e. removed His mercy from him). (Satan) said: “I shall strive to take certain fixed portion (of the submission) of your slaves (in the following forms).

       And, indeed, I will mislead them, and surely I will create false desires in them, and certainly I will teach them to slit the ears of cattle and I will order them to deform their natural shapes created by Allah.” And whoever takes Satan as a protector instead of Allah is, surely, in an obvious loss.

       Satan makes promises to them and excites false desires in them and Satan’s promises are nothing but deception. 

       The abode of such people is Hell and they shall not be able to escape from it.

       And those who believe and do good deeds, We shall admit them to the Gardens beneath which rivers flow (i.e. Paradise) to abide there forever. It is a promise from Allah in truth, and who can be more truthful than Allah in the speech? (Of course, none).

       (The real situation) does not de-pend on your desires (i.e. Muslims), nor upon the desires of the People of the Scripture, whosoever, does evil, will have his reward, and he will not find any protector or helper besides Allah.

       And whoever does good deeds, male or female, and is a (sincere) believer, will enter Paradise and no injustice, even equal to the size of the (tiny) opening on the seed of a date, will be done.

       And who can be better in religion than one who surrenders himself to Allah and is a good-doer and follows the religion of Ibrahim (), the upright. And Allah took Ibrahim () as a friend!

       And whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth belongs to Allah. And Allah is encompassing all things.

       And they ask you about the (Islamically) legal instructions concerning women. Say: “Allah instructs you about them and also through the Verses of the Quran revealed to you regarding the orphan girls; (if they are rich and beautiful) you desire to marry them but don’t give them their rights regarding inheritance and bridal-money. (And if they are not beautiful but are rich, you don’t marry and you don’t let others marry them lest their wealth go into other hands). Allah has also commanded you concerning weak and oppressed children, and that you do absolute justice to orphans.” And whatever good you do, Allah is All-Knower of it.

       And if a woman fears ill treat-ment or desertion from her husband, there is no sin on them to agree on a mutually acceptable peace plan, and making peace is better. And human inner-selves are always swayed by greed, but if you do good and keep away from evil, verily, Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.

       And you will never be able to do perfect justice between wives even if you desired, so don’t fully incline to one of them while leaving the others hanging. And if you mend your ways (by ignoring the previous differences) and fear Allah (not to repeat previous situation, then Allah will forgive you) since Allah is Very Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       And if the spouses separate (by divorce), Allah will make each of them self sufficient from His Bounty. And Allah is All-Sufficient for His creatures’ needs, All-Wise.

       And all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth belongs to Allah. And verily, We have commanded to the People of the Scripture before you and to you (O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] that you fear Allah. But if you disbelieve, then all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth belongs to Allah, and Allah is All-Rich (free of all needs), Worthy of all praise.

       And to Allah belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And Allah is Sufficient to conduct all affairs.

       O people! If He wills, He can take you away and can replace you with others. And Allah is Capable of doing that (Also Surah Muhammad:38).

       Whoever desires a reward in worldly life, then with Allah is the reward of this worldly life and of the Hereafter too. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.

       O you who believe! (In your dealings, in fulfilling others rights and as a judge) Establish justice firmly. (If you are a witness), wit-ness (honestly) to seek the Pleasure of Allah, even though it is against yourselves, or your parents, or your relatives, he may be rich or poor, since Allah is nearer to both of them as compared with you. Hence, don’t follow the vain desires (of your heart) lest you avoid justice. And if you distort your statements (as a witness) or you refuse (to be a witness), then,verily, Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.

       O you who believe! (Here are the details of the belief you have). Believe in Allah and His messenger [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)], and the Book(the Quran) which He has sent to His messenger and the Books which He has sent before (him); and whosoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day, then, indeed, he has gone far astray.

       Verily, those who believe, then disbelieve, and then believe, and (again) not only disbelieve  but also go on increasing in disbelief; Allah will not forgive them, nor guide them to the (Right) Path.

       Give the hypocrites the (glad) tidings of a painful torment for them. (People are anxiously waiting for any glad tidings. The only glad tiding for the hypocrites is painful torment).

       The hypocrites make the disbelievers their friend instead of believers. Are they seeking honour from them? Verily, all forms of honour belong to Allah. (Also Surah Al-Munafiqun:8).

       And it is already revealed to you in the Quran (in Surah Al-Anam:68, which is Makki Surah) that when you hear the Verses of Allah being rejected and mocked at, then don’t sit with these people until they engage in a talk other than that. (If you stay with them) in that case you would certainly be like them. Indeed, Allah will gather the hypocrites and disbelievers altogether in Hell.

       Those (the hypocrites) are anxiously waiting and watching your fate (in the war). If you gain a victory from Allah, they say (to the believers): “Were we not with you?” But if the disbelievers get a slight victory, the hypocrites say to the disbelievers: “We were about to overcome you but (we did not harm you being your friends) we, therefore, saved you from the believers (i.e. your victory is due to our double role.) Allah will judge between you on the Day of Resurrection. And Allah will never give the disbelievers upper hand against the believers (as long as the believers follow their religion).

       Indeed, the hypocrites are trying to deceive Allah (regarding their faith), but Allah is going to punish them for their deceiving. And when the hypocrites stand for Salat, they stand lazily and to show off to the people and they rarely engage in remembrance of Allah.

       The hypocrites are swaying between the believers and the disbelievers, (belonging) neither to these nor to those, and if Allah makes someone go astray, you (O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] will not find for him a way (to Islam).

       O you who believe! Don’t make the disbelievers your friends instead of the believers. Do you wish to give Allah a clear proof against you (to punish you).

       Indeed, the hypocrites will be in the lowest (deepest) level of Hell-Fire. You will not find any helper for them. 

       Except those who repent (from hypocrisy), and reform themselves (by good deeds), have full Faith in Allah, and be sincere in their religion (seeking pleasure of Allah), then they will be with the believers. And Allah will soon grant the believers a fantastic reward.

       What will Allah gain by punishing you if you have thanked Him and have believed (in Him). And Allah is Highly-Appreciative (of good), All-Knowing.

       Allah does not like an evil activity be propagated in public except by him who has been wronged (i.e. advise evil person privately and not in public). And Allah is All-Hearer (of the wronged person), All-Knower.

       If you do good openly (by thankful words) or secretly, or pardon an evil, verily Allah is Very-Pardoning, All-Powerful. (Also Surah Ash-Shura:40)

       Verily, those who disbelieve in Allah and His messenger and wish to make distinction between Allah and His messenger saying: “We believe in some but reject others,” and seek to choose a way in between.

       Such are the true disbelievers, and for the disbelievers We have prepared a humiliating torment.

       And those who believe in Allah and His messenger and don’t make any distinction between any of His messengers; We shall give them their rewards. And Allah is Very-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

       The People of the Scripture (Jews) demand from you [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] to make a Book descend upon them from heaven. They, indeed, demanded from Musa () for even a greater thing than that. They said: “Show us Allah publically.” Hence storm of light-ning struck them because of their rudeness. Then they worshipped the calf even after clear proofs of Allah had come to them. So We forgave them. And We bestowed upon Musa () an obvious and clear domi-nance (to influence them). [But they were not affected by Our for-giveness or Musa’s () dominant personality].

       And We raised over them the Mountain to take a promise from them. And We commanded them: “Enter the door while bowing with humility and don’t transgress on Sabbath (Saturday).” And We took from them a very hard and difficult commitments.

       (This punishment was) be-cause of their breaking the promise and of their rejecting the revela-tions of Allah, and of their killing the Prophets unjustly, and of their claiming: “Our hearts have covering (to protect them from the teachings of the messengers).” In fact, Allah has put a seal upon their hearts because of their disbelief. Hence they do not believe except a little. (And partial belief is not acceptable to Allah).

       And because of their disbelief and due to their putting a big blame on Maryam.

       And because of their (boastful) claim: “We killed the Messiah [Isa ()], the son of Maryam, and the messenger of Allah.” But they did not kill him, nor crucified him, it only appeared so to them (Allah put the resemblance of Isa () on another person and Jews killed this person). And, indeed, those who differ about Isa () have many doubts about it. They don’t have any knowledge or proof about it. Their thinking is based on mere conjecture; and they did not kill Isa (), for sure.

       But Allah raised Isa () up (with his body and soul) to Himself (and Isa () is in the heavens). And Allah is All-Powerful, All-Wise.

       [After the descent of Isa () on earth] All People of the Scripture must believe in him [Isa ()] before his [Isa’s ()] death. And Isa () will be witness against them on the Day of Resurrection [this Verse proves that Isa () will descend to earth].

       Because of the wrong-doings of the Jews, We made certain good food items unlawful for them which were lawful for them, and because of their hindering many from Allah’s Path.

       And because of their taking usury which they were forbidden to take and for misappropriating people’s wealth wrongfully (i.e. bribery), and We have prepared for the disbelievers from them a painful torment.

       But those who are firm in their knowledge among them and are also believers, and they believe in what has been revealed to you [Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] and believe in what was revealed before you, and those who perform Salat and give Zakat and believe in Allah and the Last-Day, We shall soon give them a fantastic award. 

       Verily, We have sent the revelation to you [O Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)!] as We sent revelation to Nuh () and the Prophets after him. (Similarly) We sent the revelation to Ibrahim (), Ismail (), Ishaq (), Yaqub (),children of Yaqub (), Isa (), Ayyub (), Yunus (), Harun (), Sulaiman () and to Dawud () We gave the Zabur (Book of Psalms).

       And We have mentioned to you the stories of many messengers before you, and  We have not men-tioned to you about many messen-gers and Allah spoke to Musa () directly. 

       We sent them as messengers to convey good news as well as warnings so that the people have no (apparent) argument against Allah (on the Day of Judgement) after the (coming of) messengers. And Allah is All-Powerful, All-Wise (Also Surah Ta-Ha:134).

       But Allah (Himself) is witness to that which is revealed to you, He has revealed it with His Knowledge. And angels are witness to it. And Allah is All-Sufficient as Witness.

       Verily, those who disbelieve and hinder others to follow the Path of Allah, they have certainly strayed far away.

       Verily, those who dis-believe and did wrong [by concealing the truth about Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)], Allah will not forgive them, nor He will guide them to any path 

       Except the path to Hell, to reside there forever, and this is extremely easy for Allah.

       O mankind! The messenger has come to you with the truth from your Creator. Hence believe in him, it is better for you. But if you disbelieve, (it is your loss and not Allah’s loss) then whatever is in the heavens and the earth belongs to Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

       O People of the Scripture! Don’t exceed limits in your religion nor say anything concerning Allah except the truth. The Messiah [Isa ()], son of Maryam, was a messenger of Allah and (was created by) His Word (Be) which was conveyed to Maryam and (he was created by) spirit from Him [i.e. through the blowing of Jibrael ()] towards Maryam. Hence believe in Allah and His messenger. Don’t say: “Three (trinity)!” Quit! (saying so), it is better for you. Indeed, Allah is only One God, glorified is He above having a son. All in the heavens and in the earth belongs to Allah. And Allah is All-Sufficient as Disposer of All affairs.

       The Messiah will never mind to be a slave of Allah, nor the angels who are near to Allah. And whosoever refuses to worship Allah and is  arrogant, then Allah will gather them all together to Himself.

       Those who believed and did good deeds, Allah will give them their full reward and even more out of His Bounty. And those who felt too proud to worship Him and were arrogant, then He will inflict upon them a painful torment. And they will not find for themselves any protector or helper besides Allah.

       O mankind! Verily, a clear and complete proof [i.e. Prophet Muhammad (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him)] has come to you from your Creator, and We sent down to you a clear light (which can be seen easily by eyes and understood by mind. i.e. the Quran.)

       Hence, those who believe in Allah and adhere to it firmly, Allah will admit them to His Mercy and Grace (i.e. Paradise) and guide them to the Straight Path leading to Himself.

       They ask you for a legal verdict. Say: “Allah commands you as follows regarding Al-Kalalah (i.e. regarding the inheritance of a deceased person without children, nor parents). If it is a man who dies without any child but has a sister, then she would have half of the inheritance left by him. And if this sister dies and has no children (nor parents) then he will inherit all her property. If there are two (or more) sisters, they would get two-third of the inheritance. (And if a man or a woman die without parents and children) and has many such brothers and sisters, the male will have twice the share of the female. (Thus) Allah makes (His revelations) clear to you lest you go astray. And Allah is All-Knower of everything.”